Monday, 18 April 2016

Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) in Physiotherapy


(Physiolight 4_Physiotherapy Technique)

Electrical Muscle Stimulation
Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS), or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), is one of the techniques of physiotherapy. During treatment with EMS, electrodes are specifically placed over the targeted muscles. EMS passes safe electrical impulses through the skin to stimulate the nerves, eliciting muscle contraction. This helps to restore the communication between the brain and the muscular system in such a way that your muscles are retrained to function normally again.
Uses of EMS
EMS has the potential to serve as a:
ü  Strength training tool for healthy subjects and athletes.
ü  Rehabilitation and atrophy prevention tool for immobilized patients.
ü  Tool for reduction of muscle spasm and pain relief.
ü  Testing and evaluating the neural and muscular function in vivo.
ü  Post-exercise recovery tool.
ü  Considered safe for children and elderly.
Mechanism of action
The physiological characteristics of skeletal muscle, ensures that different types of fibers could be activated to differing degrees by forms of electrical stimuli, and the modifications induced depend on the programming of the EMS activity. Some programs will improve endurance, others will increase force production. EMS causes adaptation, i.e. training of muscle fibers.
Indications
In physiotherapy, EMS is used for rehabilitation purposes in the prevention of disuse muscle atrophy in spinal cord injury, relaxation of muscle spasms, increasing local blood circulation, muscle re-education, prevention of venous thrombosis, maintaining or increasing range of motion etc.
Source: Maffiuletti, N.A, Minetto, M.A, Farina, D., Bottinelli, R. (2011). "Electrical stimulation for neuromuscular testing and training: State-of-the art and unresolved issues". European Journal of Applied Physiology 111 (10): 2391–7.


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